Attachments
OVERALL PROGRESS
Context
In 2023, Bosnia and Herzegovina experienced extensive rainfall, causing widespread flooding that worsened as floodwaters spread. Households suffered significant damage to homes and essential infrastructure, while numerous crops and agricultural lands were destroyed, impacting livelihoods. Additionally, hundreds of homes faced high humidity levels, posing ongoing health risks.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, a small country with a population of 3.5 million, faces significant socio-economic challenges.
Around 18.56% of its population lives in absolute poverty, with nearly 50% vulnerable to falling into poverty due to factors like lack of education, limited economic opportunities, and recovery struggles from past conflicts. The population has declined from 4.5 million in 1991 to an estimated 3.2 million in 2023, with about 600,000 people emigrating in the past 13 years. Rural poverty is notably higher, at 19%, compared to 9% in urban areas, although 60% of the population remains in rural regions due to perceived agricultural security and a healthier environment.
Environmental protection in Bosnia and Herzegovina lags behind EU standards, with only 15% of wastewater recycled and significant air pollution. The country is also vulnerable to natural disasters, with 91 municipalities at high risk of floods and landslides. Recent assessments, such as the 2014 post-flood recovery needs assessment, emphasize the importance of local disaster resilience. Meanwhile, broader social issues in the region, including an aging population, emigration of the workforce and limited healthcare access, have affected the work of National Red Cross Societies.
Rising temperatures, pollution, epidemics, and heat waves also pose growing public health concerns, particularly for older populations.