High-fiber plant-based diets are linked to increased insulin sensitivity, lower total and LDL cholesterol levels, and reduced inflammation, which diminish atherosclerosis progression and cardiovascular disease incidence, systematic review finds

“Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a prominent contributor to morbidity and mortality, particularly in the middle-aged and elderly population. Plant-based, high-fiber diets high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, and nuts can significantly lower CVD risk factors. This systematic review aims to assess how effectively diet improves cardiovascular health in this demographic. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, we thoroughly searched PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and [ClinicalTrials.gov](http://ClinicalTrials.gov), explicitly focusing on papers published in English. The review identified 10 pertinent papers, including three systematic reviews, one randomized-controlled trial (RCT), two observational studies, and four review articles demonstrating significant improvements in blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glycemic management associated with high-fiber plant-based diets (PBDs). The research specifically emphasized the significance of dietary fiber in decreasing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and reducing systemic inflammation. These data support the concept that PBDs high in fiber can effectively lower CVD risk factors. However, limitations such as self-reported dietary intake and variability in adherence were noted. In conclusion, high-fiber PBDs are a viable strategy for managing and preventing CVD in middle-aged and older adults. Future research should focus on long-term adherence, the comparative benefits of different plant-based foods, and developing personalized dietary recommendations to optimize cardiovascular health outcomes in this population.”

“Conclusions

In conclusion, our systematic review underscores the substantial benefits of PBDs in mitigating CVD risk factors. **High-fiber PBDs are linked to increased insulin sensitivity, lower total and LDL cholesterol levels, and reduced inflammation, which diminish atherosclerosis progression and CVD incidence**. Our findings reveal that dietary fiber enhances cardiovascular health and reduces mortality from CVD and cancer, making it a valuable non-pharmacological intervention. These insights highlight the critical public health implications of shifting dietary patterns, which include reducing animal products and unhealthy plant foods while increasing high-fiber plant foods to improve cardiovascular health. Although further research is needed to identify the most effective types of dietary fiber, promoting dietary fiber intake across different age groups can significantly improve cardiovascular health outcomes. Emphasizing dietary fiber in public health strategies could pave the way for more effective prevention and management of CVDs.”