The British defense ministry says Russia has likely seen more than 610,000 military personnel killed or wounded since it began its invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
It noted that this comes as military recruitment levels in the country are declining.
The ministry released its estimate on Tuesday.
The update notes that Russia’s tactics “based on mass infantry waves has required Russia to continuously replenish front line forces with a constant stream of new recruits.”
Russia’s defense ministry was recruiting at a pace of around 1,600 a day last year, but the number has dropped to 1,000 daily this year.
It notes that the unpopularity of mobilization has led the ministry to increase military personnel payments.
Starting in August, Russia has almost doubled its one-time payment for soldiers to fight in Ukraine to 400,000 rubles, or about 4,330 dollars.
Meanwhile, former Russian defense minister Sergei Shoigu, who currently serves as secretary of Russia’s Security Council, on Tuesday met Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian in Iran.
The two confirmed willingness to strengthen bilateral ties.
Russia has been seeking to deepen ties with Iran and North Korea, among other nations, since its invasion of Ukraine.
Western powers have criticized Tehran and Pyongyang, accusing them of supplying Russia with drones, ballistic missiles and other forms of military assistance.